Эвлия Челеби. Описания Албании и немного Черногории, Македонии, Косово (на англицком)
Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Berat and Elbasan
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Berat
From this place we descended westwards through vineyards and arrived in one hour at the imposing region of Jihad, the luxuriant walled town of Albanian Belgrade (Berat). According to the Latin historians, it was first founded by [...] and changed hands many times until, in the year [...], during the reign of Sultan Bayazid Khan, the supreme commander Gedik Ahmed Pasha conquered it from the Albanians, the Greeks and the Venetians. There are [...] fortresses called Belgrade in the Ottoman empire: firstly, Danubian Belgrade on the Danube river; secondly, Stolna Belgrade on the Buda frontier a little more than one stage from Budapest; thirdly, Transylvanian Belgrade which is under Ottoman jurisdiction; and fourthly, this Albanian Belgrade. According to the survey register of Suleyman Khan, it is the seat of the bey of the sanjak of Vlora in the eyalet of Rumelia. It is crown land for which the bey receives an income of 229,000 akce from the sultan. It has 28 zeamets and 489 timars. It also has an alay bey and a ceribashi. In time of war, the sanjak bey is obliged by statute to supply the sultan with 4,000 armed soldiers, including his own armed retainers and those of the timariots. They are very rough and courageous soldiers.
With its many alpine pastures, Berat has a very healthy climate, and as a result, there are many lovely lads and lasses, adoring to their lovers, yet very well bred. All the young men go about armed because - God help us - this is Albania and no nonsense about it. They swear only by their shpate, i.e. their sword. Those who are not soldiers or sailors but peasants generally leave town and go to Istanbul where they serve as professional attendants in the bathhouses.
Elbasan
Subsequently, in accordance with the survey register of Suleyman Khan, Elbasan was made the residence of a bey for a separate sanjak in the vilayet of Rumelia. For this crown land, the bey was allotted an income of 201,963 akce by the sultan. Elbasan has 18 zeamets and 138 timars with an alay bey and a cheribashi. In time of war, the timariots are required by statute to muster a force of 4,600 select and armed soldiers. Whenever the vizier of Rumelia goes on campaign, the sanjak bey of Elbasan goes with him.
Men's dress. They all wear long broadcloth robes and turbans. The young men wear red felt caps, vests, buttoned trousers and kubadi slippers.
Women's dress. Most of the women and girls wear broadcloth robes and go about in flat headpieces which they cover with white muslin kerchiefs.
1670 Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Gjirokastra
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Men’s clothing. The old men wrap a turban around their heads and dress in every colour except blue. They stroll about in manly fashion wearing buttoned trousers. Young men wear a short-sleeved shirt and a very short-skirted, pleated undergarment of red silk and satin. They leave their arms and thighs uncovered, so their private parts are quite public. Only a silk shirt with white hems covers them down to the groin. Other parts of their bodies show immodestly through the very thin shirts and breaches they have on. These breaches - so-called - hardly covers their knees. They are actually trousers, wide in the lower part and like a white sheet tied around the loins. To urinate or defecate - if you will excuse the expression - they do not even need to undo the drawstring. In short the young men have very strange outfits, but they are also very chaste. The men are a race of warriors and do not have illicit relations with either boys or women.
1662
Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey through Northern Albania and Montenegro
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Shkodra
According to the statute of Suleyman Khan, the bey possesses an imperial grant worth 459,200 akce, plus 19 zeamets and 205 timars, and for every 3,000 akce he must provide one armed retainer (celebu). These, together with the troops of the alay-bey, the ceribasi, the subasi, and the pasha himself, provide a force of 4,000 select armoured soldiers. In time of war, this force is put under the command of the vizier or otherwise the sandjak beys of Rumelia. And indeed, all of these brave ghazis were with us during the Transylvania campaigns.
The sandjak also provides 40 purses for the pasha who, with the help of 1,000 warriors under his command, guards and defends the sandjak.
Clothing of the manly men. They all wear broadcloth garments and tight buttoned trousers with a teybend silk waistband and kubadi shoes. On their heads, they wear Albanian calpacs made of sable. Both learned scholars (ulema) and rakish youths (levendat) alike carry kortela knives in their belts, and the youth are never to be seen without their swords and shields.
Clothing of the demure women. They all wear full-length broadcloth coats and a strange conical headpiece, like the caps worn by the imperial guards, and they wrap themselves in white muslin wraps. On their feet they wear soft yellow indoor boots and shoes. They go about very well-mannered.
Podgorica
Inside are the castle warden with 700 garrison troops - bareheaded and barefooted and doughty warriors all! They are ghazis, engaged in the jihad, and battling day and night with the infidels of Kotor. Their uniforms, however, are quite ridiculous. Because it is a coastal region and the climate is mild, these commando warriors grow as tall as plane trees, their heads get as big as Adana squashes, their upper arms are as thick as squashes bursting with seeds, and their chests are swollen like imperial crocks which resound when struck. Despite their huge bodies, they are very robust and agile, and spring from cliff to cliff with their weapons like Baghdad gazelles. And in accordance with the hadith, "The best garment is short," their garments are so light, it is as though there were [no?] garments on those huge bodies. On their feet they wear tight-fitting rawhide sandals. And in accordance with the expression, Baldir durada ("It is honey when it is still"), they leave their calves uncovered, and do not even wear breeches but just a pair of fustian trousers attached to the waist. Most do not know what a shirt is, but instead wear a ridiculous short and narrow felt jacket which leaves their chests and shoulder blades uncovered. Funny-looking also is the tiny headpiece - the size of a cup, to cover their kettle-sized heads! - which is tied at the sides and fixed with string around their necks. God knows what a makeshift look those little black skullcaps have atop those huge head. They are a band of ghazi horsemen who go out raiding and putting the fear of God into the Albanian infidels of Kotor, Kelmendi and Montenegro.
Between these two bodies of water, there is a large headland, like the Mania peninsula in the vilayet of Morea, extending for ten stages. It consists of thickets and barren mountains. Half the mountains are called Montenegro and the other half Kelmendi. They are the home to 47,000 infidel Albanian musketeers. Formerly they were subject to Shkodra, but since the war in Crete they have gone over to the Venetian side and have departed to assist the fortress of Candia. On this Cape of Kelmendi are seven fortresses ruled by the Venetians. While the naval commanders are Franks (i.e. Venetians), the garrison soldiers are all Albanian infidels.
BAR
The rocky Valley of Fire, the impregnable fortress of Bar. The name is Albanian and means ..... . It was built by the kings of Puglia and was initially ruled by the Kingdom of Spain. Later, during the reign of Orhan Ghazi, it was taken over by the Venetians. Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror entered Bar in 883 (1478). It is the seat of a voyvoda in the sandjak of Shkodra and of a deputy judge of the district of Ulcinj. It has a warden and ..... garrison soldiers. These are all splendidly-armed and courageous Albanian ghazis who constantly sail across the sea on their frigates to plunder the territory of Puglia, the coast of Calabria and Spain, and the Venetian fortresses. They put the (infidel) Albanian troops of Kelmendi and Montenegro to the sword and return to Bar safe and sound and weighed down with plunder.
1670
Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname
A Journey to Vlora and Durres
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West of the harbour of Jengjec, 18 miles offshore, is the island of Sazan. Every year, the fleet of the Venetian infidels spends the winter at this island greasing their ships. Then, whatever direction it heads out for, it does so from here. South of the fortress of Vlora there is a place for setting sail called Kara Burun (Black Cape). To the southeast is the region of Dukat with 100 rebellious Albanian villages. The inhabitants are black infidels with black head and black hats, but if you call them infidels, they will kill you. Despite this, every year they assist the infidels of Crete. They are among the most valiant warriors of the Albanians. However, the people of Vlora are no less brave and valiant warriors and, with their 10 frigates, they can defend the coastal fortresses against all the infidels of Europe. At the moment, to be sure, half of the garrisons of these fortresses has departed on these very frigates to defend Mania.
Vlora has a mild climate but does not have good water, since the people drink well water. Nevertheless, by the grace of God, the lovely boys and girls are very attractive. The young men, however, are all brigands. They wear short skin-tight clothes, as is the fashion throughout the Mediterranean Archipelago, with bare calves, fezzes on their heads, black Circassian-style shoes on their feet, and white Bedouin-style cloaks on their backs. They are ghazis always ready for holy war. Most of these ghazis look like Kalenderi dervishes: shirtless, barefoot and bareheaded, with brand marks on their heads and gashes on their bare chests, and their hearts rent with anguish.
1670
Evliya Chelebi:
Seyahatname – a Journey around Lake Ohrid
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According to the register of Sultan Suleiman, Ohrid is an independent sanjak in the Eyalet of Rumelia. It is crown land for which the bey receives an income of 235,299 akce from the sultan. It has 60 zeamets and 342 timars. It has an alay bey and a cheribashi. In times of war, according to statute, the timariots, including their armed retainers, provide 7,000 soldiers and march under the banner of the governor of Rumelia. Magistrates include a steward of the sipahis, a commander of the janissaries, and a castle warden plus a garrison of 70 troops. Some of the latter, according to statute, are the Byzantine troops who surrendered the fortress to the Ottomans and who, although they are Christian, are exempt from all onerous impositions, in exchange for maintaining the fortress in good repair.
The sanjak contains 140 prosperous villages indeed, in the Eyalet of Rumelia, this Sanjak of Ohrid is second in prosperity only to that of Janina. Secular magistrates include a market inspector, a voyvoda, a collector of tolls, an Emin Aga of the fisheries, a poll tax official, a chief of the gendarme corps (pandur), a chief of the Christian sailor corps (martolosan), seven garrison officers, a town mayor, a chief architect and several Christian community leaders (portoyoroz).
Language: All the people speak Bulgarian and Greek. They do not know Albanian, since this is Rumelia not Albania. But they do speak elegant Turkish, and there are some very urbane and witty gentlemen.
Dress: The young men wear sable and martin calpacs lined with red broadcloth, and varicoloured broadcloth jackets, and tight trousers fastened with hooks and eyes, and strut about with yellow kubadi slippers on their feet and scimitars at their waists. The old men wind varicoloured gold ornamented Muhammadan turbans on their heads and wear serhaddi, kontosh, or ferace cloaks of varicoloured broadcloth. But the women wear ferace cloaks with ample sleeves and bind round turbans on their flat heads and go for elegant strolls about the bazaars.
Starova
The prosperous town of Starova. From here one can see the town of Pogradec quite clearly. Starova too is part of the Sanjak of Ohrid and is crown land of the Bey of Ohrid, administered by a voyvoda. It has a qadi with a salary level of 150 akce and jurisdiction over 70 villages. All the rayah peasants are Bulgarians.
It is here, in accordance with the statute of Sultan Suleiman, that a colonel from the janissaries arrives in the name of the sultan and collects hundreds of select young Bulgarian and Greek boys for the child levy. They are all dressed in red conical hats and red woollen robes and are sent to the court. The ones who are extremely handsome and well-born are made court pages; the poorer sort are given to the palace guards and janissaries corps; and the worst ones to the artillery and munition corps. The boys of other regions are sent to other units and to various notables, according to registers. After being well educated and trained, they serve as recruits, then enter the service of the janissaries, then graduate to the service of the sipahis. If God determines it, some of them can go on to become grand viziers, muftis and mullahs. So this town of Starova is a mine of child-levy boys and a blessed and beautiful place.
1660
Evliya Chelebi:
Seyahatname - a Journey through Kosova
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The inhabitants of Vushtrria are Rumelians. Most of them do not speak Bosnian, but do speak Albanian and Turkish. They wear broadcloth garments and frontier-style red calpacs with low crests of fur and sable. They turn around (?) the fur of their calpacs, and black silken fringes are visible on the edges. They have teybend waistbands, carry knives of the kortela varsak variety, (9) and wear red trousers with silver buttons and elegant kubadi shoes. Such is the fine dress of the Rumelians.
Ну и анекдот от Эвлия Челеби
They themselves relate the following: One day, while having sex with his wife, a man inopportunely happened to remark, “Tomorrow is Sunday, my dear.” His wife, underneath the fellow, suddenly called to mind her seventeenth husband who had been killed in the naval battle in the Mediterranean between Ottoman admiral Jafer Pasha and some English galleys in the year 1043 A.H. [1633-1634 A.D.]. While still engaged in intercourse, she began tearing her hair, crying, “Oh, how I long for my poor dear seventeenth husband, with whom I lived for forty years and who was martyred in the ghaza. I had such good sex with him!” She raised such a ruckus and bathed the pillow with so many tears that the poor fellow went limp and, mourning the loss of his virility, now regretted that he had mentioned it was Sunday.
Сообщение отредактировал Anri: 23 Август 2018 - 15:06